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Asylums (book)
''Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates'' is a 1961 book by sociologist Erving Goffman.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://studymore.org.uk/xgof.htm#Asylums )〕 ''Asylums'' was a key text in the development of deinstitutionalization. The book is one of the first sociological examinations of the social situation of mental patients, the hospital. Based on his participant observation field work, the book details Goffman's theory of the "total institution" (principally in the example he gives, as the title of the book indicates, mental institutions) and the process by which it takes efforts to maintain predictable and regular behavior on the part of both "guard" and "captor," suggesting that many of the features of such institutions serve the ritual function of ensuring that both classes of people know their function and social role, in other words of "institutionalizing" them.
==Research places and approach==
From Autumn 1954 to the end of 1957 Goffman was a visiting member of the Laboratory of Socio-environmental Studies of the National Institute of Mental Health in Bethesda, Maryland and did some brief studies of ward behavior in the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.〔 In 1955-1956 he did a year's field work at St. Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, D.C., a federal institution of somewhat over 7000 inmates, with three quarters of them drawn from the District of Columbia.〔 Goffman posed as a pseudo-employee of St. Elizabeths Hospital for a year, an assistant of the athletic director, and collected ethnographic data on selected aspects of patients’ social life.〔 He stated that it was necessary for him to present a ‘partisan view’ in order to portray the patient's situation faithfully.〔 As with most participant observation studies, controls, measurements, and statistical evidence were not used.〔
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